Для этого он не нуждался в особом оборудовании: из-за отсутствия конкуренции майнеров в первые годы все вычисления происходили на базе процессора CPUкоторый стоит в каждом компьютере. Однако, чем больше майнеров — тем больше вычислительных способностей требуется, чтобы справиться с конкуренцией. Со временем добытчиков стало настолько много, что производительности самых «крутых» процессоров года стало не хватать.
Mined bitcoin is considered earned income. This is because the court classified bitcoins as payment instruments - whereas most countries treat their use as an unregulated method for the exchange of goods, or even as a crime. According to a opinion, from the Central Bank of Iceland "there is no authorization to purchase foreign currency from financial institutions in Iceland or to transfer foreign currency across borders on the basis of transactions with virtual currency.
For this reason alone, transactions with virtual currency are subject to restrictions in Iceland. On 12 March , the Central Bank amended its rules. With the new rules, wide and general exemptions have been granted from the restrictions of the Foreign Exchange Act No. Bank of Lithuania released a warning on 31 January , that bitcoin is not recognized as legal tender in Lithuania and that bitcoin users should be aware of high risks that come with the usage of it.
Profits are subjected to wealth tax. In business, use of bitcoin falls under the sales tax regulation. The Norwegian government stated in February that they would not levy VAT on the purchase or sale of bitcoin. The decision has been appealed by the Swedish Tax Authority. The Swedish jurisdiction is in general quite favorable for bitcoin businesses and users as compared to other countries within the EU and the rest of the world.
The governmental regulatory and supervisory body Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority Finansinspektionen have legitimized the fast growing industry by publicly proclaiming bitcoin and other digital currencies as a means of payment. There is not a single word in Bulgarian laws about bitcoin.
The use of bitcoin is not regulated in Cyprus. No specific legislation on bitcoins exists in Greece. Italy does not regulate bitcoin use by private individuals. As of [update] , Malta does not have any regulations specifically pertaining to bitcoins. In the same press release the NBRM quoted the law on Foreign Exchange Operations, but since cryptocurrencies do not constitute a foreign currency as they are quoted by the law, it leaves them unregulated.
Bitcoin has no specific legal framework in Portugal. Transactions in bitcoins are subject to the same laws as barter transactions. The Minister of Finance indicated that government intervention with regard to the bitcoin system does not appear necessary at the present time.
The French Ministry of Finance issued regulations on 11 July pertaining to the operation of virtual currency professionals, exchanges, and taxation. The Central Bank of Ireland was quoted in the Assembly of Ireland as stating that it does not regulate bitcoins. The Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier has issued a communication in February acknowledging the status of currency to the bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. As of [update] , virtual currencies such as bitcoin do not fall within the scope of the Act on Financial Supervision of the Netherlands.
When bitcoin is exchanged for sterling or for foreign currencies, such as euro or dollar, no VAT will be due on the value of the bitcoins themselves. However, in all instances, VAT will be due in the normal way from suppliers of any goods or services sold in exchange for bitcoin or other similar cryptocurrency. Profits and losses on cryptocurrencies are subject to capital gains tax. They have proposed a code of conduct that includes the provision of Anti-Money Laundering and extra security measures.
In December , the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia RBA indicated in an interview about bitcoin legality stating, "There would be nothing to stop people in this country deciding to transact in some other currency in a shop if they wanted to. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia list article. This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items. August Legal tender. Permissive legal to use bitcoin. Contentious some legal restrictions on usage of bitcoin. Contentious interpretation of old laws, but bitcoin is not prohibited directly.
Hostile full or partial prohibition. No data. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. April Index to countries. See also: BitLicense. Accessed 25 September Retrieved 25 February Court of Justice of the European Union. Retrieved 6 December Retrieved 23 October Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank.
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List of international rankings Lists by country. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read View source View history. China has cracked down on cryptocurrencies with increasing intensity throughout Chinese officials have repeatedly issued warnings to its people to stay clear of the digital asset market and have clamped down hard on mining in the country as well as currency exchanges in China and overseas.
Efforts to undermine Bitcoin - a decentralised currency outside the control of governments and institutions - are largely seen as an attempt by the Chinese authorities to float their own e-currency. The PBoC is looking to be one of the first major central banks in the world to launch its own digital currency, and in doing so would be able to more closely monitor the transactions of its people. On September 24, the PBoC went further and outright banned cryptocurrency transactions in the country.
In Colombia, financial institutions are not allowed to facilitate Bitcoin transactions. The Superintendencia Financiera warned financial institutions in that they may not "protect, invest, broker, or manage virtual money operations". Bitcoin has a complex relationship with the Iranian regime. In order to evade the worst impact of crippling economic sanctions, Iran has instead turned to the lucrative practice of Bitcoin mining in order to finance imports.
While the Central Bank prohibits the trading of cryptocurrencies mined overseas, it has encouraged Bitcoin mining in the country with incentives. Around 4. In order for the crypto industry to flourish, Iran has offered licenced miners cheap energy but requires all mined cryptos to be sold to the Central Bank. However, unlicensed mining drains more than 2GW from the national grid every day, causing power shortages.
India is becoming increasingly hostile towards cryptocurrencies. On November 23, the government announced its intention to introduce a new bill to the Indian parliament which would establish a new central bank-backed digital currency as well as ban almost all cryptocurrencies.
Earlier this year, it had considered criminalising the possession, issuance, mining, trading, and transference of crypto assets. Prime minister Narendra Modi said he wanted to ensure crypto "does not end up in wrong hands, which can spoil our youth". Despite sustained efforts by authorities to block their use, cryptocurrencies are becoming increasingly popular in Iraq.
The Iraqi Central Bank has been particularly hostile, issuing a statement in prohibiting their use which is still in force to the present day. In early , the Ministry of Interior of the Kurdistan regional government issued similar guidance to stop money brokerages and exchanges handling cryptos.
North Macedonia is the only European country so far to have an official ban on cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others, in place. Russia passed its first laws to regulate cryptos in July , which for the first time designated cryptocurrency as property liable to taxation. The law, which came into force in January this year, also bans Russian civil servants from owning any crypto assets.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly linked cryptocurrency with criminal activity, calling for closer attention to cross-border crypto transactions in particular. In July, the prosecutor general announced new proposed legislation which would allow police to confiscate cryptos deemed to be illegally obtained citing its use in bribery.